Name |
Andrew Hamilton |
Suffix |
I |
Birth |
Abt 1676 |
Scotland [1, 2] |
Gender |
Male |
Anecdote |
1697 [1] |
- Believed to be born in Scotland about 1676, Hamilton did not talk about his parentage, career, or name in the Old World. At one time he was called Trent, although he returned to his name of Hamilton when Queen Anne came to the throne in 1702. In his address to the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1739, he speaks of "liberty, the love of which as it first drew me to, so it constantly prevailed on me to reside in this Province, tho' to the manifest prejudice of my fortune." Probably Hamilton was his real name, but, for private reasons, he saw fit to discard it for a time. About 1697, Hamilton came to Accomac County, Virginia, where he continued his study of law and taught a classical school. He later found employment as steward of a plantation owned by Joseph Preeson, one of his former students. After Preeson’s death in 1705, Hamilton continued working the Preeson estate.
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Deed of Indenture - Witnessed a Deed of Indenture |
20 Oct 1700 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [3] |
- It was on this date that he witnessed an indenture Issac and Bridgett Foxcroft and one Fran Drighouse.
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Court - named in suit |
29 Nov 1703 [4] |
- Wm. Rabishaw, Andrew Hamilton his attorney, comes and defends the force and injury in the action of debt brought by Thomas Maddux.
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Land - they bought land |
1704 |
tract N74, north side of Hungars Creek, Northampton Co, Virginia [5] |
- John Andrews sold the balance of 550 acres of this tract to Andrew Hamilton. In 1706 Hamilton had married Anne, the widow of Joseph Preeson and daughter of Thomas and Susanna Browne.
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Land - they inherited land |
1704 |
tract N75, Nassawadox Creek, Northampton Co, Virginia [6] |
- Bridget Foxcroft left the land she inherited from her husband Isaac Foxcroft in 1702 to my friend Andrew Hamilton all my divident of land whereon I now live situate upon 'Nuswattox Creek'. As she must have known the terms of her father's will, which made the parish a residuary legatee upon her death without issue, it is not understandable how she could have attempted this disposition, but in any event Hamilton did not secure title and the property went to Hungars Parish for a glebe.
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Will - Named as an heir in a will |
13 Jan 1703/04 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [7] |
- In her will Bridgett Foxcroft, widow of (Capt.) Isaac Foxcroft, Gent. gave to my dec'd husband's kinsman Isaac Waterhouse of Halifax, England, dyer, £20. To my kinsman Severn Eyre ns. Subwell, Benjamin and Zachariah and n. girls Jenny and Sis, the great looking glass in the parlor, silver punch bowl and sugar box, silver cup and tankerd, 12 silver spoons, horse "Kettle", and 25 gallon brass kettle in the possession of his father Thomas Eyre. To my kinswoman Elizabeth wife of John Stanton. To kinswoman Bridgett Leatherberry clothing and the horse bought of n. woman Joan, gold lockett, and n. girl Judith, but if Judith's parents are unwilling to part with her, then my extr. to purchase another slave equivalent to Judith. To Isaac Luke the son of (name missing) Luke £10. To Mr. Robert Howsen £10. To each of my kinsmen Isaac, Charlton, and William Barnis sons of William Barnis dec'd £10. To kinswoman Elizabeth Leatherberry n. boy Jacob to serve until 25. To Susanna the dau. of John Luke one cow and calf. To Teckle Waltam 2000#t. My servant man James Saddler to be discharged from his servitude. To Thomas Chick 500#t. To Mordicai Holt 500#t. To my n. woman Betty 30 years of her servitude, and then to my kinsman Severn Eyre. A house to be built for said Betty on the plantation where Phillip Fenn now lives 15 feet square with a chimney. Andrew Hamilton, Gent., resid. legatee in Virginia or elsewhere and extr. To Andrew Hamilton the land whereon I now live on Nusswattox Creek. Witt: John Luke, Thomas Lucar, John 'JH' Harper
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Guardian - Named as a guardian |
28 Jul 1704 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [8] |
- Mason Kendall chose Andrew Hamilton for her guardian and John Kendall chose his uncle Thomas Mason of Elizabeth River, in Norfolk County on the Western Shore.
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Will - Proved a will |
2 Nov 1704 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [9] |
- It was on this date that the will of Thomas Browne, wife Susanna was proved by Andrew Hamilton & Samuel French.
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Anecdote |
1706 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [10] |
- In 1706 Mr. Andrew Hamilton set forth in his petition the neglect of the Clerk of the records of the County and Colonel John Custis, Esquire, declares in open court that he would not keep the records of the county no longer, the said clerk can provide for himself to some convenient place.
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Will - Named as Security on a Will |
2 Jan 1705/06 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [11] |
- It was on this date that administration on the estate of Thomas Leonord was granted to John Biby with Andrew Hamilton & Thomas Savage securities.
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Land - they bought land |
Sep 1707 |
Henberry Plantation, Chester River, Kent Co, Maryland [12] |
- This was near the present day Chestertown and the village of Millington.
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Security - Named security on a marriage license bond (MLB) |
4 Oct 1707 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [13] |
- Andrew Hamilton was security on the M.L.B. of William Waters and Mary Bayaton.
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Land - they bought land |
26 Mar 1708 |
Chester River (north side), Kent Co, Maryland [1] |
- Two years after his marriage, on March 26, 1708, Hamilton purchased from John Toads a 600-acre estate in Maryland known as "Henberry". It was located on the north side of the Chester River in Kent County, Maryland. (The town of Millington, Maryland, was later developed on Henberry's land.) Hamilton also maintained a residence in Virginia, as he drew clients from both colonies.
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Will - Named as an Executor of a will |
27 Apr 1708 |
Accomack County, Virginia, USA [14] |
- It was on this date that Francis Makemie's will named Mr. Andrew Hamilton, Capt. John Wales, Robert Pitt, James Kemp in Accomack County, or any two of them, to assist my Extrs.
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Will - Witnessed a will |
27 Apr 1708 |
Accomack County, Virginia, USA [14] |
- It was on this date that John Parker of Mattaponi, Elizabeth Davis, Elizabeth Pichee, A. Hamilton, Tully Robinson & John Lewis witness the will of Francis Makemie, wife Naomi.
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Will - Mentioned in a will |
8 Dec 1708 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [15] |
- In his will John Luke, Gent., named son Isaac as Extr. and Andrew Hamilton & Henry Beare to advise him.
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Court - named in petition |
30 May 1709 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [16] |
- It was on this date that the widow Anne Elligood petitioned the court for her dower thirds of the estate of John Elligood through her attorney Andrew Hamilton.
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Anecdote |
14 Nov 1709 [17] |
- During the few years while he lived on the Shore he played a prominent part in court, as a practicing lawyer, but does not seem to have been generally popular locally. That ovservant person, William Byrd, had this to say about him: 'In the afternoon we paid a visit to Mr. Hamilton, who lives across the creek. He is a man of bad character and he got the estate nobody knows how. We walked about his plantation and saw a pretty shallop he was building. He was vrey courteous and provided a supper but we could not stay to eat it because it grew dark and it was dangerous to stay late for fear of the dogs which are fierce at Colonel Custis.' It should have been common knowledge at the time that Hamilton had acquired a considerable estate through his marriage, so that this comment by an outsider merely reflects unfounded local prejudice against him. The Hamiltons soon move up into Maryland and then to Philadelphia, where he became quite prominent and was the leading spirit behind the erection of the Sate House, better known today as Independence Hall. Their son James was equally prominent, holding many offices including that of governor of the Pennsylvania colony.
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Anecdote |
1712 |
Chestertown, Kent Co, Maryland [1] |
- By 1712, at age 36, Hamilton established a reputation in Chestertown, Maryland with a lucrative law practice. That year, he traveled to London to gain prestige in his profession. On January 27, 1712, he joined Gray’s Inn, one of London's four societies for barristers. Two weeks later on February 10, he was called before the English Bar. At the end of the year, during the winter of 1712/13, William Penn hired Hamilton in a replevin case against Berkeley Codd. Codd disputed some of Penn’s rights under his grant from the Duke of York, who would later become King James II. This started the long and friendly relationship between Hamilton and the Penn family. His trip to London and continued work in Pennsylvania, especially with the Penn family, gained Hamilton prominence. He came to the attention of both the Baltimore family and the government of the Maryland colony. In April 1715, he was chosen as a deputy to Maryland's House of Delegates from Kent County. As Hamilton was presenting cases before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on April 29, 1715, he did not learn about his selection until his return to Maryland on May 5, 1715. Hamilton took the oath of office, test, and abjuration the day of his return. But, he was arrested by the House due to his delayed taking of the oath and reporting to the House. They accepted his explanation that he was 100 miles from his home in Chestertown and unable to return because of business, but he had to pay a 65-shilling fine to officials. Placed on the Committee of Laws, Hamilton was charged with the organization and codification of the Maryland colony's judiciary laws. By May 14, 1715, Hamilton had helped put together a series of laws that became the Act of 1715. This Act would form the basis of the law for Maryland until the Revolution.
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Anecdote |
1712 |
tract N74, north side of Hungars Creek, Northampton Co, Virginia [5] |
- In 1712 one John Linch petitioned the court for pay for his services in that he 'did dilligently attend the becon set up at Mr. Hamilton's Point. This must have been at the bottom of Great Neck and indicates the importance of Hungars Creek to maritime transportation in those early days.
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Anecdote |
27 Jan 1713/14 |
Greater London, England [18] |
- He registered at Gray's Inn of Courts, London, England, on 27 Jan 1713/14 and on the following February 10 by grace was called to the English bar.
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Anecdote |
1715 [1, 19] |
- At some point during 1715, Hamilton moved to Philadelphia. He and his family occupied Clark Hall, owned by William Clark Jr. and Rebecca Clark, and managed by their relative Clement Plumsted. It was located at the corner of Third and Chestnut Streets. On September 7, 1717, Hamilton was appointed as attorney-general of Pennsylvania by Governor William Keith.[4] In March 1721, he was called to the provincial council, and he accepted on condition that his duties should not interfere with his practice. Hamilton resigned the office in 1724. That year he traveled to London to oversee the formal approval of William Penn’s will on behalf of the Penn family. When a settler named Cartledge killed a Seneca man in 1722 in an area outside the boundaries of Philadelphia County, tension rose between the tribes in the area and the colonists. Colonists feared the Seneca would cause violence unless Cartledge could be brought to trial. A new Court Act was deemed necessary and created under the supervision of Hamilton, as Attorney-General, and the Chief Justice, David Lloyd. Lloyd's older laws were consolidated into the Judiciary Act of 1722, which was passed by Governor Keith on May 22, 1722. One feature allowed the Chief Justice to act as a justice of the peace anywhere in the colony if conditions called for it, a clear response to the Cartledge situation. As the murdered man was a Seneca, colonists feared the powerful Iroquois Confederacy might retaliate against the colonists for his death. Lloyd prepared to prosecute Cartledge. But the Iroquois wrote to Lloyd on July 30, 1722 urging that Cartledge be forgiven. At once the Assembly ordered one hundred pounds set aside for expenses and one hundred pounds for gifts. They authorized Hamilton as Attorney-General, Judge Hill, and a Mr. Norris to be a committee to visit the Five Nations. In 1727 Hamilton was appointed prothonotary of the Supreme Court, Master of the Rolls, and Recorder of Philadelphia. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from Bucks County in the same year, chosen speaker in 1729, and re-elected annually until his retirement in 1739, with the exception of a single year, 1733.
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Will - Named in Mother-in-laws will |
4 Feb 1714/15 |
Northampton County, Virginia, USA [20] |
- In her will Susanna Browne, widow, gave to Susanna Teagle n. girl Betty. To Leah Littleton n. girl Bridget now in the possession of her father Custis. To Margaret Hamilton n. girl Ariadne now in the possession of her father Hamilton. To Cassandra Custis n. boy Jacob. To Susanna Preeson n. girl Tabitha. To Browne Preeson n. boy Anthony. To Abigal Upshur n. girl Comfort. To Andrew Hamilton the younger £10 which I have given to his father. Elizabeth Preeson wife of Thomas Preeson extrx. Witt: Edward Mifflin, Arthur Upshur.
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Land - they sold land |
1718 |
tract N74, north side of Hungars Creek, Northampton Co, Virginia [5] |
- Andrew and Anne Hamilton of Philadelphia sold the 550 acres to William Waters. This land was later owned by Abel P. Upshur.
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Anecdote |
1725 |
England [12] |
- On Andrew Hamilton's second visit to England in 1725 he took along one son, according to Benjamin Franklin in his autobiography. We know this son to have been James, as James Logan in writing Andrew Hamilton in London on May 17, 1725, writes of Hamilton's son, Andrew, being in Jolly's School along with his own son. Andrew Jr. was admitted to the Middle Temple, London, on Sept. 6, 1729, and was called to the English bar on Nov. 24, 1732.
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Will - Mentioned in a will |
30 Aug 1725 |
Accomack County, Virginia, USA [21] |
- In his will Hancock Custis named: sons John (under 21), Southy, Levin & Theophilus Custis (last 3 under 18), brother Henry Custis, uncle Adam Michael, son-in-law Levin Gale & daughter-in-law (step-daughter) Leah Gale, Madam Broadhurst, late wife Mary Custis, cousins Susanna Preeson & Hannah Presson her sister & Elizabeth Upshire the daughter of Arthur Upshur & Sarah his wife, Robinson Custis son of my brother Henry Custis & Ann his wife, Littleton Kendall son of my sister Sorrowful Margaret and James Hamilton son of Andrew Hamilton & Ann his wife.
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Land - they acquired land from someone |
Between 1726 and 1729 |
Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, USA [1] |
- For his legal work formalizing William Penn’s will in London from 1724–1726, Hamilton was awarded land in 1726 and 1729 by the Pennsylvania proprietors; William Penn’s widow Hannah Penn and sons, Richard Penn, Thomas Penn, and John Penn. Hamilton also took this time to purchase from Stephen Jackson a portion of land from the Springettsburg Manor. These gifts and purchases added up to 153 acres of land, for which Hamilton received a patent in 1734. Bush Hill. The Seat of Wm. Hamilton Esqr. near Philadelphia, by James Peller Malcolm. Bush Hill was first the country seat of his ancestor Andrew Hamilton. The Bush Hill estate contained the land now bound by 12th Street to the East, 19th Street to the West, Vine Street to the South, and what is now Fairmount Avenue (but was once Coates Street) to the North. The manor was located on what is now the southern side of Spring Garden Street near the old Philadelphia Mint building, which is now used by the Community College of Philadelphia. Hamilton left the estate to his son James Hamilton after his death; he in turn passed it on to his nephew William Hamilton. When the federal capital was located in Philadelphia, Bush Hill was rented to the government as the house of the vice-president, as William Hamilton was on an extended stay in England. During the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, its outbuildings were adapted for use for several months as a fever hospital. The Woodlands (Philadelphia)
was a large area of land given to Hamilton; it was situated on the west side of the Schuylkill River and his property included much of present-day West Philadelphia. He left it to his son Andrew, who survived him by only six years. The next to inherit and use the land was the younger Andrew Hamilton's son, William Hamilton. Hamilton and his son James were among the founders of Lancaster, which in 1729 became the fourth county in the province of Pennsylvania. The community was located on a 500-acre (2 km²) tract owned by Hamilton, on which he laid out Lancaster Townstead around 1730. By 1734, James, now proprietor of Lancaster town, won a seat in the Assembly and became the political leader of the county. In 1742 James Hamilton secured the original charter of government, which gave the settlement the status of borough (this charter can be found today in the city clerk’s office).
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Anecdote |
1729 |
Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, USA [1] |
- By the Spring of 1729 the citizens of Philadelphia were petitioning to erect a state house. A sum of two thousand pounds was raised for the proposal. Andrew Hamilton, along with Thomas Lawrence and John Kearsley, were appointed to a committee to decide upon plans for the building, select a site for construction, and hire contractors. Hamilton, in company with his son-in-law, William Allen, purchased the ground now known as Independence Square, whereon to erect "a suitable building" to be used as a legislative hall. Prior to 1729, the assembly met in a private residence. Andrew Hamilton is often credited for the design of Independence Hall (then known as the Pennsylvania State House). It is more likely that his designs were for initial planning and that he did not create the final plans. Beginning in 1732, Edmund Woolley was responsible for the final design and construction of the Pennsylvania State House, a project that employed Woolley and his apprentices well into the 1750s. The statehouse was not completed until after Hamilton's death, and the conveyance of the land to the province was made by his son and son-in-law.
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Anecdote |
Between 1732 and 1741 [1] |
- On May 12, 1732, Thomas Penn, John Penn and Richard Penn, as the proprietors of Pennsylvania, signed an order to create a commission. This order was directed to prominent figures in colonial Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, including Hamilton, as well as Governor Gordon, Isaac Norris, Samuel Preston, and James Logan, Esquires, and to the gentlemen James Steel and Robert Charles. The commission, which was to be made up of at least three or more of these individuals, was given full power on behalf of the proprietors for the "running, marking, and laying out" of any boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland. This was in accordance to the agreement signed between the Penn brothers and Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore on May 10, 1732. From 1736 to his death in 1741, Hamilton was the mentor of young Benjamin Chew, who later became Attorney General and Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. Hamilton was for many years a trustee of the general loan-office, the province's agency for issuing paper money. In 1737 he was appointed judge of the vice-admiralty court by Governor George Thomas, the only office he held at the time of his death.
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Anecdote |
1735 [1] |
- The crowning glory of Hamilton's career was his defense of John Peter Zenger in 1735, which he undertook pro bono. Zenger was a printer in New York City. In his newspaper, Zenger had asserted that judges were arbitrarily displaced, and new courts were erected, without the consent of the legislature, by which trials by jury were taken away when a governor was so disposed. The attorney-general charged him with libel, and Zenger's lawyers James Alexander and William Smith, objecting to the legality of the judge's commissions, were stricken from the list of attorneys. At this point, no New York attorneys could take the case. The merchant Maria de Payster Alexander suggested to her husband James Alexander that he request the help of his colleague Andrew Hamilton whom he was in regular correspondence with - and was outside of the reach of influence by the judge - to come to New York to defend the case. Maria de Payster Alexander then traveled to Philadelphia to interview Hamilton and provide him with the facts of the case. It is thought that the she and her husband were early investors of the New York Weekly Gazette. Hamilton feared that the advocate, who had subsequently been appointed by the court, might be overawed by the bench, at the head of which was Chief Justice De Lancey, a member of the governor's council. He voluntarily went to New York and appeared in the case on Zenger's behalf. He admitted that Zenger had printed and published the article but advanced the doctrine, novel at the time, that the truth of the facts in the alleged libel could be set up as a defense. He said that in this proceeding, the jury were judges of both the law and the facts. The offer of evidence to prove the truth of Zenger's statements was rejected, but Hamilton appealed to the jury to find or acknowledge from the evidence of their daily lives that the contents of the defendant's article were true. He argued that the definition of libel which didn't require the accusations to be false came from the hated Star Chamber. His eloquence secured a verdict of "not guilty". The people of New York and the other colonies hailed the verdict with delight, since it insured free discussion of the conduct of public men. Gouverneur Morris referred to Hamilton as "the day-star of the American Revolution." The common council of New York passed a resolution thanking him for his services, and presented him with the freedom of the city. In addition, a group of prominent residents contributed to the production of a 5½-ounce gold box that was presented to Hamilton as a lasting mark of their gratitude to him. His fame spread to England, an account of the trial passing through four editions there within three months.
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Age - Their age was stated in a record |
1740 |
Greater London, England [2] |
- The proceedings of the chancery court in London, give his age as 64 in 1740, which would set the year of his birth as 1676.
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Reference Identifier |
Acc-Phila |
Record ID |
66434 |
Death |
4 Aug 1741 |
Bush Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [1, 22, 23] |
- Hamilton died at his country seat of Bush Hill and was at first buried on that property. After the sale of his estate in the 1800s, Hamilton and the remains of his family were moved and reinterred in a mausoleum located at Christ Church. On August 6, two days after Hamilton’s death, Benjamin Franklin published in his Pennsylvania Gazette an editorial of appreciation for the attorney and politician.
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Burial |
Christ Episcopal Church & Churchyard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [22] |
- His grave marker is inscribed "In Honor of Andrew Hamilton, 1665-1741, The Philadelphia Lawyer."
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Origins  |
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Person ID |
I66434 |
MilesFiles23 |
Last Modified |
27 Mar 2018 |